fix(core): make sure queries revert synchronously (#9601)

the switch from the callback approach to async/await with catch was necessary to be able to transform errors into revert-state data for imperative query calls; however, this was a change in behavior because catch in async/await doesn't happen immediately - it runs in the next microtask. That opened up an opportunity for a slight race condition if we re-start a fetch in-between. And who does that? Of course, React Strict Mode.

This PR moves the actual state reverting back to a callback (so it happens synchronously), while still keeping the try/catch refactoring merely to transform the promise and the usual error handling