docs: Add comprehensive documentation to BinarySearch algorithm (#7245)

* docs: Add comprehensive documentation to BinarySearch algorithm

- Added detailed JavaDoc with @param, @return, @throws tags
- Included step-by-step algorithm walkthrough example
- Added inline comments explaining each code section
- Documented time and space complexity analysis
- Provided concrete usage examples with expected outputs
- Explained edge cases and overflow prevention technique

* style: Apply proper Java formatting to BinarySearch

- Fixed line length to meet style guidelines
- Applied proper JavaDoc formatting
- Corrected indentation and spacing
- Ensured compliance with project formatting standards

* fix: correct Javadoc formatting and add missing newline at EOF

- Fix Javadoc structure with proper tag ordering (description before @params)
- Remove incorrect @throws tag (method returns -1, doesn't throw)
- Format algorithm steps as proper HTML ordered list
- Move complexity analysis before @param tags
- Add missing newline at end of file
- Fix example code to use instance method call