feat(graph): implement Tarjan's Bridge-Finding Algorithm (#7346)

* feat: implement Tarjan's Bridge-Finding Algorithm

Adds a classic graph algorithm to find bridge edges in an undirected graph in O(V + E) time.

* style: format 2D arrays in TarjanBridgesTest

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Co-authored-by: Deniz Altunkapan <deniz.altunkapan@outlook.com>