style: add type hints to matrix_exponentiation.py (#14288)

* style: add type hints to matrix_exponentiation.py

* Refactor kth_permutation and fix linter errors

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* Delete machine_learning/linear_discriminant_analysis.py

* Revert "Delete machine_learning/linear_discriminant_analysis.py"

This reverts commit de2964731113d240db9d4e5451e2a51b48cc6ace.

* Update linear_discriminant_analysis.py

* Update kth_lexicographic_permutation.py

* Update matrix_exponentiation.py

* Update matrix_exponentiation.py

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Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Maxim Smolskiy <mithridatus@mail.ru>