Fix type hints in sorts/tim_sort.py, relates to #14457 (#14474)

* Add type hints to tim_sort.py, relates to #14457

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* Fix ruff PYI041 error: use float instead of int | float

* Fix mypy error: support str and tuple inputs as defined in doctests

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* Fix ruff E501: wrap binary_search parameters to respect 88 char limit

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* Refactor generics to use Python 3.12 type parameter syntax (PEP 695)

* Use Any from typing to resolve mypy list unpacking bugs

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Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: John Law <johnlaw.po@gmail.com>