Performance: 75% faster Project Euler 187 (#10503)

* Add comments and wikipedia link in calculate_prime_numbers

* Add improved calculate_prime_numbers

* Separate slow_solution and new_solution

* Use for loops in solution

* Separate while_solution and new solution

* Add performance benchmark

* Add doctest for calculate_prime_numbers

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Removed white space

---------

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>