Create alternate_disjoint_set.py (#2302)

* Create alternate_disjoint_set.py

This code implements a disjoint set using Lists 
with added heuristics for efficiency
Union by Rank Heuristic and Path Compression

* Update alternate_disjoint_set.py

Added typehints, doctests and some suggested variable name change

* Update alternate_disjoint_set.py

* Formatted with Black

* More formatting

* Formatting on line 28

* Error in Doctest

* Doctest Update in alternate disjoint set

* Fixed build error

* Fixed doctest