adding a proper fractions algorithm (#11224)

* adding a proper fractions algorithm

* Implementing suggestions in maths/numerical_analysis/proper_fractions.py

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <[email protected]>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

* Implementing suggestions to proper_fractions.py

* Fixing ruff errors in proper_fractions.py

* Apply suggestions from code review

* ruff check --output-format=github .

* Update maths/numerical_analysis/proper_fractions.py

* Update proper_fractions.py

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Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>