add exponential search algorithm (#10732)

* add exponential_search algorithm

* replace binary_search with binary_search_recursion

* convert left type to int to be useable in binary_search_recursion

* add docs and tests for exponential_search algorithm

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* move exponential_search to binary_search.py to pass github auto build tests

delete exponential_search.py file

* Update searches/binary_search.py

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <[email protected]>

* remove additional space  searches/binary_search.py

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <[email protected]>

* return single data type in exponential_search searches/binary_search.py

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <[email protected]>

* add doctest mod searches/binary_search.py

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <[email protected]>

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* use // instread of int() convert  searches/binary_search.py

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <[email protected]>

* change test according to new code searches/binary_search.py

Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <[email protected]>

* fix binary_search_recursion multiple type return error

* add a timeit benchmark for exponential_search

* sort input of binary search to be equal in performance test with exponential_search

* raise value error instead of sorting input in binary and exonential search to fix bugs

* Update binary_search.py

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Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: user <[email protected]>