Create malus_law.py (#7710)

* Create malus_law.py

Finding the intensity of light transmitted through a polariser using Malus Law and by taking initial intensity and angle between polariser and axis as input

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* Update physics/malus_law.py

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Update physics/malus_law.py

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Update physics/malus_law.py

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Update physics/malus_law.py

Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>

* Update malus_law.py

Made some changes in the error messages and the docstring testcases

* Update malus_law.py

Made changes for the passing the precommit

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Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Caeden Perelli-Harris <caedenperelliharris@gmail.com>