Added dynamic_programming/range_sum_query.py (#12592)

* Create prefix_sum.py

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* Fix pre-commit and ruff errors

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* Rename prefix_sum.py to range_sum_query.py

* Refactor description

* Fix

* Refactor code

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* Fix

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Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Maxim Smolskiy <[email protected]>