Modified 'pascal_triangle.py' program (#7901)

* Added pascals_triangle.py program to maths directory

* Deleted 'pascals_triangle.py' because of duplication. Added a optimized function to generate pascal's triangle to 'pascal_triangle.py' program. Added some aadditional doctests to the existing function. Added some type check functionality to the existing function.

* Modified type check hints in 'generate_pascal_triangle_optimized' function'

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* Modified 'pascal_triangle' prgram

* [pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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* Update pascal_triangle.py

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Christian Clauss <cclauss@me.com>