test: fix failing tests on MS Edge

Includes the following fixes (per component):

* `$sniffer`: Properly determine the expected `vendorPrefix` for MS Edge
* `input`: MS Edge does not support dates with years with more than 4 digits.
      Trying to set the value of an `input[datetime-local]` to `9999-12-31T23.59.59.999` throws an
      error (probably related to converting the date to one with a year with more than 4 digits,
      due to timezone offset).
* `$animateCss`: Although the detected `vendorPrefix` for MS Edge is "ms", it doesn't seem to
      recognize some vendor-prefixed CSS rules (e.g. `-ms-animation-*`). Other browsers (currently)
      recognize either vendor-prefixed rules only or both.
      Fixed by adding and retrieving styles using both prefixed and un-prefixed names.
* `$compile`: Skip failing `foreignObject` test on MS Edge.
      For unknown reasons, an `<svg>` element inside a `<foreignObject>` element on MS Edge has no
      size, causing the included `<circle>` element to also have no size and thus fails an
      assertion (relying on the element having a non-zero size).
      This seems to be an MS Edge issue; i.e. it is also reproducible without Angular.
      (Tested with MS Edge version 25.10586.0.0 on Windows 10.)

Closes #13686