fix($timeout/$interval): if invokeApply is false, do not use evalAsync

$evalAsync triggers a digest, and is unsuitable when it is expected that a digest should not occur.

BREAKING CHANGE

Previously, even if invokeApply was set to false, a $rootScope digest would occur during promise
resolution. This is no longer the case, as promises returned from $timeout and $interval will no
longer trigger $evalAsync (which in turn causes a $digest) if `invokeApply` is false.

Workarounds include manually triggering $scope.$apply(), or returning $q.defer().promise from a
promise callback, and resolving or rejecting it when appropriate.

    var interval = $interval(function() {
      if (someRequirementFulfilled) {
        $interval.cancel(interval);
        $scope.$apply();
      }
    }, 100, 0, false);

or:

    var interval = $interval(function (idx) {
      // make the magic happen
    }, 1000, 10, false);
    interval.then(function(idx) {
      var deferred = $q.defer();
      // do the asynchronous magic --- $evalAsync will cause a digest and cause
      // bindings to update.
      return deferred.promise;
    });

Closes #7999
Closes #7103