fix($brower): set the url even if the browser transforms it

While $location expects that $browser stores the URL unchanged, "some browsers" transform the URL
when setting or defer the acutal update. To work around this, $browser.url() kept the unchanged
URL in pendingLocation.

However, it failed to update pendingLocation in all code paths, causing
$browser.url() to sometimes incorrectly report previous URLs, which horribly confused $location.

This fix ensures that pendingLocation is always updated if set, causing url() to report the
current url.

Fixes #14427
Closes #14499