chore(check-node-modules): make check/reinstall node_modules work across platforms

The previous implementations (based on shell scripts) threw errors on
Windows, because it was not able to `rm -rf` 'node_modules' (due to the
255 character limit in file-paths).

This implementation works consistently across platforms and is heavily based on
'https://github.com/angular/angular/blob/3b9c08676a4c921bbfa847802e08566fb601ba7a/tools/npm/check-node-modules.js'.

Fixes #11143
Closes #11353

Closes #12792