chore(ci): fix docs deployment to Firebase (`deploy-docs` CI job)

Previously, the command used to deploy the docs to Firebase (as part of
the `deploy-docs` CI job) would fail, because no target project was
specified (either directly in the command or indirectly via a
`.firebaserc` file in the working directory).

Example failure:
https://app.circleci.com/pipelines/github/angular/angular.js/
166/workflows/34c692ec-18d4-4422-a1cf-108a91219fa5/jobs/1744

This commit fixes the command by specifying the project via the
`--project` cli argument. It also adds the commit SHA as message to make
it easier to associate a deployment with the corresponding commit.

Closes #17066