bevy_material (#22426)

# Objective

- extract material infrastructure to be usable for scene description
without a renderer
- rework of #21543 on top of #22408, you can view a clean diff here:
https://github.com/tychedelia/bevy/compare/type-erase-more-materials...atlv24:ad/material2?expand=1
- this is the culmination of numerous crate splits and refactors leading
up to this point, and the another step towards shared 2d and 3d
rendering infrastructure deduplication.

## Solution

- new crate bevy_material with MaterialProperties struct that lets one
define when a material draws, how it behaves, what shaders it uses,
specialization functions, and bind group layouts expected.

## Testing

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Co-authored-by: charlotte 🌸 <charlotte.c.mcelwain@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Daniel Skates <zeophlite@gmail.com>