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Strip sourcemaps (#7756)

This will significantly reduce the size, and for errors we should be
able to map them as necessary.
A
Asher committed
cc8f0b734868863baa70f15a2721f590c2099649
Parent: 7cc2270
Committed by GitHub <noreply@github.com> on 4/16/2026, 6:56:00 AM