feat(docker): upgrade dependencies and add tools (#70)

* Add `bc` to bash Dockerfile for calculations.
* Include `yq` for YAML/JSON/XML/TOML processing in bash Dockerfile.
* Remove unnecessary scientific libraries from C/C++ Dockerfile.
* Resolve DHI gcc-14-base conflict in Fortran Dockerfile using equivs.
* Update PHP Dockerfile to use DHI debian-base and install necessary build dependencies.
* Install R packages as pre-compiled binaries from Posit Package Manager in R Dockerfile.
* Upgrade Node.js dependencies in requirements file.
* Update Go version in runner Dockerfile and go.mod.
* Upgrade Python dependencies in pyproject.toml and uv.lock.