fix(install): support Ubuntu/Debian derivatives (Zorin, Mint, Pop!_OS, etc.)

Detect distro family via ID_LIKE so Ubuntu/Debian-based distributions are
routed to the correct Docker apt repo instead of being rejected outright.

- Read ID_LIKE from /etc/os-release and match space-padded against
  ubuntu/debian tokens.
- Prefer UBUNTU_CODENAME / DEBIAN_CODENAME over VERSION_CODENAME so
  derivatives resolve to an upstream suite (e.g. Zorin -> noble, Mint -> jammy).
- Validate the resolved codename against the suites Docker actually
  publishes; reject rolling or non-upstream codenames (e.g. Kali
  kali-rolling) up front with a clear message instead of failing later
  at apt-get update.
- Update docs/INSTALLATION.md to note derivative auto-detection.

Fixes #202