[executorch][vulkan] Add payload-bounded constant sharding (#21467)

This PR was created by the merge bot to help merge the original PR into
the main branch.
ghstack PR number: https://github.com/pytorch/executorch/pull/21404 by
@JCNTH
^ Please use this as the source of truth for the PR details, comments,
and reviews
ghstack PR base:
https://github.com/pytorch/executorch/tree/gh/JCNTH/194/base
ghstack PR head:
https://github.com/pytorch/executorch/tree/gh/JCNTH/194/head
Merge bot PR base: https://github.com/pytorch/executorch/tree/main
Merge bot PR head:
https://github.com/pytorch/executorch/tree/gh/JCNTH/194/orig

@diff-train-skip-merge

cc @SS-JIA @manuelcandales @digantdesai @cbilgin

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Co-authored-by: Julian Ng-Thow-Hing <juliannth@meta.com>
Co-authored-by: copilot-swe-agent[bot] <198982749+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Julian Ng-Thow-Hing <107437036+JCNTH@users.noreply.github.com>