[ET-VK][AOT] Define pass application order (#6604)

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/pytorch/executorch/pull/6577

## Changes

The goal of this diff is to enforce a specific structure in how graph transform passes are applied during `vulkan_preprocess`. This will help make sure that certain passes are applied at the correct time, and that pre-requisite conditions for passes are fulfilled before they are applied.

See the comments in `vulkan_preprocess.py` for more details.
ghstack-source-id: 251223076

Differential Revision: [D65234843](https://our.internmc.facebook.com/intern/diff/D65234843/)

Co-authored-by: Stephen Jia <ssjia@meta.com>