Bump to 2.0.0 and widen SDK peer ranges to ^2.0.0

The client, core and server packages become ^2.0.0 peers and client is
now a required peer (App and AppBridge extend its Protocol class);
server stays optional for View-only consumers. Examples move to
zod ^4.2.0 to match the library peer range.

The root package is not yet published at 2.0.0, so the lockfile now
links the examples' @modelcontextprotocol/ext-apps dependency to the
repository root instead of a registry copy. This drops the stale 1.x
tarball (and its sdk 1.x peer) from the lockfile and makes
scripts/link-self.mjs a no-op.