Implement database lifecycle manager (#5665)

* Implement database lifecycle manager

* ci: auto code format

* Fix clangd

* Fix warning

* Add test for C and Java

* Enhance database close order test to validate exception handling after closure

* Fix linting error

* Add const qualifier to checkDatabaseClosedOrThrow method

* ci: auto code format

* Update tools/nodejs_api/test/test_database.js

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

* Try fix asan

* ci: auto code format

* Update src/include/processor/result/factorized_table.h

Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>

* Refactor query methods to eliminate redundant null checks for queryResult

* Improve exception handling in DBDestroyBeforeConnectionAndQueryResult test to ensure proper validation after database closure

* Refactor test files

* ci: auto code format

* Refactor DatabaseLifeCycleManager to its own header

* Expand exception handling ApiTest for closed database scenarios

* ci: auto code format

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Co-authored-by: CI Bot <mewim@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Chang Liu <ci@kuzudb.com>
Co-authored-by: Copilot <175728472+Copilot@users.noreply.github.com>