ci: fix stale/missing component-tests matrix entries and storage tag drift (#900)

Follow-up to #864, split from its review into two CI-hygiene fixes:

- component-tests.yaml matrix: Test_12/Test_13 referenced stale function
  names (Test_12_MergingProfilesTest, Test_13_MergingNetworkNeighborhoodTest)
  that no longer exist after the #864 migration renamed them; go test -run
  silently matches nothing and exits 0, so these entries were reporting
  green while running zero test code. Updated to the current function names
  (Test_12_AuthoredMultiSubtypeProfile, Test_13_NaturalLearningLifecycle).
  Also added real, matrix-shaped test functions that existed in
  tests/component_test.go but were never wired into the matrix:
  Test_25, Test_28, Test_30, Test_33, Test_35, Test_43, Test_49.
  Test_09_FalsePositiveTest was deliberately left out: it carries its own
  t.Skip with "Also removed from the CI matrix" pending a storage
  write-serialization fix, so re-adding it would be a no-op at best.

- tests/scripts/storage-tag.sh: it mirrors whatever storage image tag
  kubescape/helm-charts' main branch has pinned, which currently lags
  behind the github.com/kubescape/storage client library version pinned in
  this repo's go.mod (v0.0.303). The older server silently drops the
  grouped Containers/InitContainers/EphemeralContainers subtype fields the
  newer client writes, so Test_48_MultiSubtypeGroupedProfileDocument's
  round-trip would come back empty. The script now takes the max of the
  dynamically-fetched tag and this repo's go.mod-pinned floor
  (derived via `go list -m`), so CI doesn't silently regress again next
  time helm-charts lags. The durable fix is bumping helm-charts' own pin;
  that's a separate repo/PR.

Signed-off-by: Matthias Bertschy <matthias.bertschy@gmail.com>