feat(config): add process resource detector support for declarative config (#5001)

* config: add resource and propagator creation from declarative config

Implements create_resource() and create_propagator()/configure_propagator()
for the declarative file configuration. Resource creation does not read
OTEL_RESOURCE_ATTRIBUTES or run any detectors (matches Java/JS SDK behavior).
Propagator configuration always calls set_global_textmap to override Python's
default tracecontext+baggage, setting a noop CompositePropagator when no
propagator is configured.

Assisted-by: Claude Sonnet 4.6

* update changelog with PR number

Assisted-by: Claude Sonnet 4.6

* fix pylint, pyright and ruff errors in resource/propagator config

- _resource.py: refactor _coerce_attribute_value to dispatch table to
  avoid too-many-return-statements; fix short variable names k/v ->
  attr_key/attr_val; fix return type of _sdk_default_attributes to
  dict[str, str] to satisfy pyright
- _propagator.py: rename short variable names e -> exc, p -> propagator
- test_resource.py: move imports to top level; split TestCreateResource
  (25 methods) into three focused classes to satisfy too-many-public-methods
- test_propagator.py: add pylint disable for protected-access

Assisted-by: Claude Sonnet 4.6

* address review feedback: use _DEFAULT_RESOURCE, fix bool_array coercion

- replace _sdk_default_attributes() with _DEFAULT_RESOURCE from resources module
- move _coerce_bool into dispatch tables for both scalar and array bool types,
  fixing a bug where bool_array with string values like "false" would coerce
  incorrectly via plain bool() (non-empty string -> True)
- add test for bool_array with string values to cover the bug

Assisted-by: Claude Sonnet 4.6

* fix linter

* address review feedback: single coercion table, simplify attributes merge

- collapse _SCALAR_COERCIONS and _ARRAY_COERCIONS into a single _COERCIONS
  dict using an _array() factory, reducing _coerce_attribute_value to two lines
- process attributes_list before attributes so explicit attributes naturally
  overwrite list entries without needing an explicit guard

Assisted-by: Claude Sonnet 4.6

* use Callable type annotation on _array helper

Assisted-by: Claude Sonnet 4.6

* add detection infrastructure foundations for resource detectors

Adds _run_detectors() stub and _filter_attributes() to create_resource(),
providing the shared scaffolding for detector PRs to build on. Detectors
are opt-in: nothing runs unless explicitly listed under
detection_development.detectors in the config. The include/exclude
attribute filter mirrors other SDK behaviour.

Assisted-by: Claude Sonnet 4.6

* move service.name default into base resource

Merges service.name=unknown_service into base before running detectors,
so detectors (e.g. service) can override it. Previously it was added to
config_attrs and merged last, which would have silently overridden any
detector-provided service.name.

Assisted-by: Claude Sonnet 4.6

* remove unused logging import from _propagator.py

Assisted-by: Claude Sonnet 4.6

* wire process resource detector in declarative config

When `resource.detection_development.detectors[].process` is set in
the config file, run `ProcessResourceDetector` and merge its output
into the resource. Explicit config attributes take priority over
detector-provided values.

Assisted-by: Claude Sonnet 4.6

* add changelog entry for process resource detector (#5001)

Assisted-by: Claude Sonnet 4.6

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Co-authored-by: Aaron Abbott <aaronabbott@google.com>