refactor: Optimize startup time with adaptive server pinging (#9782)

* Fix exponential backoff logic and ping race condition in desktop startup
* Adaptive polling mechanism in startDesktopMode().
   -  Fix exponential backoff to cap at 1000ms instead of cycling back to 100ms
   - Move pingInProgress flag before the async pingServer() call to prevent race conditions
* Update showErrorDialog to use clearTimeout consistent with setTimeout-based scheduling