[Fizz] Extend stack overflow recovery to retries (#36977)

Ran into this test failure as part of
https://github.com/react/react/pull/36917 - it seems that the added code
was just enough to increase stack size and fail the deep tree recovery
test in CI. Looking into that, there appears to be a gap here with
retries, including a TODO test case for the scenario.

Fizz recovers from stack overflows in extremely deep trees by catching
the first overflow in the `renderNode` trampoline and spawning a
continuation task. That continuation is retried via `retryRenderTask →
retryNode`, which has no trampoline above it. So if the remaining tree
still doesn't fit in one fresh stack, the overflow was treated as a
fatal error instead of recovering again.

This fix re-schedules the task when a retried render overflows but
`task.node` advanced (proving forward progress was made). If this is a
real in-component overflow, `task.node` doesn't advance and we still
fail.

The existing test used `n={1000}`, which only required one recovery
round and didn't catch this gap in source mode. It's updated to
`n={1200}`, which reliably requires multiple recovery rounds.