---
title: "Node Scripts"
description: ""
---

import { Demos } from '/snippets/demos.jsx'

Node scripts can be used to render shapes, images, text, artboards, and more.

## Creating a Node Script

1. [Create a new script](/scripting/creating-scripts) and select **Node** as the type.
2. [Add it to the scene](/scripting/creating-scripts#adding-scripts-to-your-scene).

## Anatomy of a Node Script

```lua
-- Define the script's data and inputs.
type MyNode = {}

-- Called once when the script initializes.
function init(self: MyNode): boolean
  return true
end

-- Called every frame to advance the simulation.
-- 'seconds' is the elapsed time since the previous frame.
function advance(self: MyNode, seconds: number): boolean
  return false
end

-- Called when any input value changes.
function update(self: MyNode) end

-- Called every frame (after advance) to render the content.
function draw(self: MyNode, renderer: Renderer) end


-- Return a factory function that Rive uses to build the Node instance.
return function(): Node<MyNode>
  return {
    init = init,
    advance = advance,
    update = update,
    draw = draw,
  }
end
```


## Drawing

Node scripts allow you to draw shapes and render them in your scene.

<Demos
  examples={[
    "scriptingDrawingShapes"
  ]}
/>

```lua
function rectangle(self: Rectangle)
  -- Update the path with current width and height
  self.path:reset()

  local halfWidth = self.width / 2
  local halfHeight = self.height / 2

  -- Draw rectangle centered at origin
  self.path:moveTo(Vector.xy(-halfWidth, -halfHeight))
  self.path:lineTo(Vector.xy(halfWidth, -halfHeight))
  self.path:lineTo(Vector.xy(halfWidth, halfHeight))
  self.path:lineTo(Vector.xy(-halfWidth, halfHeight))
  self.path:close()

  -- Update paint color
  self.paint.color = self.color
end

function draw(self: Rectangle, renderer: Renderer)
  renderer:drawPath(self.path, self.paint)
end
```

See the [API Reference](/scripting/api-reference/path) for a complete list of drawing utilities.

## Common Patterns

### Instantiating Components

To be able to instantiate components at runtime, you will need to have a basic understanding of
[Data Binding](/editor/data-binding/overview), [Components](/editor/fundamentals/components), and [Script Inputs](/scripting/script-inputs).

See the following example showing how to set up your components, view models, and scripts:

<Demos
  examples={[
    "scriptingSnakeGame"
  ]}
/>


```lua
type Enemy = {
  artboard: Artboard<Data.Enemy>,
  position: Vector,
}

export type MyGame = {
  -- This is the component that we will dynamically add to our scene
  -- See: /scripting/script-inputs
  enemy: Input<Artboard<Data.Enemy>>,
  enemies: { Enemy },
}

function createEnemy(self: MyGame)
  -- Create an instance of the artboard
  local enemy = self.enemy:instance()

  -- Keep track of all enemies in self.enemies
  local entry: Enemy = {
    artboard = enemy,
    position = Vector.xy(0, 0),
  }
  table.insert(self.enemies, entry)
end

function init(self: MyGame)
  createEnemy(self)

  return true
end

function advance(self: MyGame, seconds: number)
  -- Advance the artboard of each enemy
  for _, enemy in self.enemies do
    enemy.artboard:advance(seconds)
  end

  return true
end

function draw(self: MyGame, renderer: Renderer)
  -- draw each enemy
  for _, enemy in self.enemies do
    renderer:save()
    enemy.artboard:draw(renderer)
    renderer:restore()
  end
end

return function(): Node<MyGame>
  return {
    init = init,
    advance = advance,
    draw = draw,
    enemy = late(),
    enemies = {},
  }
end
```

### Fixed-Step Advance

Frame rates can vary between devices and scenes. If your script moves or animates objects based directly on the frame time, faster devices will move them farther each second, while slower ones will appear to lag behind.

To keep movement and timing consistent, you can advance your simulation in fixed time steps instead of relying on the variable frame rate. This technique is called a fixed-step update or fixed timestep.

<Demos
  examples={[
    "scriptingSnakeGame"
  ]}
/>

```lua
--- Fixed Timestep Advance
--- Keeps movement consistent across different frame rates
--- by advancing the simulation in fixed time steps.
export type CarGame = {
  speed: Input<number>,
  accumulator: number,
  fixedStep: Input<number>,
  direction: number,
  currentX: number,
  currentY: number,
}

-- Prevent the script from running too many catch-up steps
-- after a long pause or frame drop.
local MAX_STEPS = 5

function advance(self: CarGame, seconds: number): boolean
  -- Add the time since the last frame to the accumulator.
  self.accumulator += seconds

  local dt = self.fixedStep
  local steps = 0

  -- Run the simulation in small, fixed steps.
  -- If the frame took longer than one step, multiple steps may run this frame.
  while self.accumulator >= dt and steps < MAX_STEPS do
    -- Move forward by speed * time.
    -- Using a fixed dt keeps movement stable even if the frame rate changes.
    self.currentX += self.speed * math.cos(self.direction) * dt
    self.currentY += self.speed * math.sin(self.direction) * dt

    -- Subtract one fixed step from the accumulator
    -- and repeat until we've caught up to real time.
    self.accumulator -= dt
    steps += 1
  end

  return true
end

-- Create a new instance of the CarGame script with default values.
-- The simulation runs 60 fixed steps per second.
return function(): Node<CarGame>
  return {
    speed = 100,
    accumulator = 0,
    direction = 0,
    fixedStep = 1 / 60,
    currentX = 0,
    currentY = 0,
  }
end

```