Fix Linux host clang static builds

- Add glibc feature visibility and trailing libm linkage.
- Gate native host clang builds with regression coverage and Ubuntu CI.

Co-authored-by: farangkao <7920378+farangkao@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Swadhin Biswas <107450069+swadhinbiswas@users.noreply.github.com>