feat(samples): Distinguish debug and release builds of the Android sample (#5724)

Give the Android sample a `.debug` application id suffix and a
"Sentry Sample Debug" launcher label so debug and release builds can be
installed side by side and told apart on the home screen. Add a build
type badge (DEBUG/RELEASE) under the Sentry logo in the navigation rail
so the running build is visible inside the app too.

Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>