chore(vdev): Regularize vdev integration test arguments to cargo (#16652)

* set up test fields and yaml configuration changes

* add fields to IntegrationTestConfig and append them to args

* modify config files and implement PR feedback

* add message to show test args is empty

* use unwrap adapter

* cargo vdev fmt

* shorten comment documenting logic

* fix clippy

* change splunk and databend configs

* add test args to show command, append test_filter to cargo

* implement PR feedback, don't append empty string to args