Tests: Use a data provider in a `WP_Block_Type_Registry` test for invalid block names.

Includes adding missing `@covers` tags.

Follow-up to [43742], [51491].

Props sagardeshmukh.
See #64225.

git-svn-id: https://develop.svn.wordpress.org/trunk@62245 602fd350-edb4-49c9-b593-d223f7449a82