git_ui: Show more information in the branch picker (#25359)

Final product:

![CleanShot 2025-02-26 at 9  08
17@2x](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/e5db1932-b2c6-4b32-ab67-ef0a0d19f022)

Release Notes:

- Added more information about Git branches to the branch picker.

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Co-authored-by: Danilo Leal <daniloleal09@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Marshall Bowers <git@maxdeviant.com>
Co-authored-by: Conrad Irwin <conrad.irwin@gmail.com>