Migrate `BridgeReactContext` from Java to Kotlin (#56940)

Summary:
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/pull/56940

Migrate `BridgeReactContext` from Java to Kotlin as part of the ongoing Kotlin migration effort. This is a mechanical conversion of a deprecated legacy class with no functional changes. The class delegates to `CatalystInstance` for bridge-specific behavior and is replaced by `BridgelessReactContext` in the New Architecture.

Changelog:
[Android][Changed] - Migrate `BridgeReactContext` from Java to Kotlin

Reviewed By: javache

Differential Revision: D106079781

fbshipit-source-id: 310a8143b15474e1079a8e4f30964a9d576d05c7