Delete hasteImpl, providesModuleNodeModules, and modulePathNameMapper (#24811)

Summary:
**Depends on https://github.com/facebook/react-native/pull/25100**

This commit depends on having migrated all of RN away from Haste. With 100% standard path-based requires, the key foundation is set and we no longer need `hasteImpl` and related settings in the Jest configuration.

This commit deletes the `hasteImpl` file and setting as well as `providesModuleNodeModules` and `modulePathNameMapper`, removing most of the dependency graph overriding performed by Jest.

## Changelog

[General] [Changed] - Delete hasteImpl, providesModuleNodeModules, and modulePathNameMapper from Jest config
Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/pull/24811

Differential Revision: D15659274

Pulled By: cpojer

fbshipit-source-id: 8a4a3b97ddf7e38fbe62c6d3cc9c98248bfca343