Fix `Image` Jest mock after extraction to separate package (#55710)

Summary:
Transition to `react-native/jest-preset` broke the `Image` mock, as it started to render unmocked `RCTImageView` instead of mocked `Image`. This is result of differences between node resolution that takes into account platform-specific imports (`Image.ios.js`) vs Jest mocking `Image.js`. This works fine in the files are in the same package, but broke when doing deep imports from separate package.

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[INTERNAL] [FIXED] Fix `Image` Jest mock after extraction to `react-native/jest-preset`

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/pull/55710

Test Plan: Added automated tests to showcase the issue

Reviewed By: cortinico

Differential Revision: D94508659

Pulled By: huntie

fbshipit-source-id: a7576e86ad188c917dfc2d2371b609e5b6a02a28