Use version catalog to consolidate versions for JVM dependencies (#38836)

Summary:
As we had version numbers scattered all over the places, I'm consolidating them to use a version catalog: https://docs.gradle.org/current/userguide/platforms.html

## Changelog:

[INTERNAL] - Use version catalog to consolidate versions for JVM dependencies

Pull Request resolved: https://github.com/facebook/react-native/pull/38836

Test Plan: CI

Reviewed By: cipolleschi

Differential Revision: D48150285

Pulled By: cortinico

fbshipit-source-id: 83a1867aace5395d9a10fadd6c6ab11c31fa14b5