[ci] Add artifact attestation to build (#32711)

Adds a signed build provenance attestations via
https://github.com/actions/attest-build-provenance
---
[//]: # (BEGIN SAPLING FOOTER)
Stack created with [Sapling](https://sapling-scm.com). Best reviewed
with [ReviewStack](https://reviewstack.dev/facebook/react/pull/32711).
* #32729
* #32728
* __->__ #32711