[compiler] Track locations for dependencies (#35794)

Tracks locations for reactive scope dependencies, both on the deps and
portions of the path. The immediate need for this is a non-public
experiment where we're exploring type-directed compilation, and
sometimes look up the types of expressions by location. We need to
preserve locations accurately for that to work, including the locations
of the deps.

## Test Plan

Locations for dependencies are not easy to test: i manually spot-checked
the new fixture to ensure that the deps look right. This is fine as
best-effort since it doesn't impact any of our core compilation logic, i
may fix forward if there are issues and will think about how to test.