docker : fix and enable ARM64 image build (#20929)

* CI: fix ARM64 image build error & enable compilation

* Update .github/workflows/docker.yml

Co-authored-by: Aaron Teo <taronaeo@gmail.com>

* CI: revert ggml/src/ggml-cpu/CMakeLists.txt

* Update .github/workflows/docker.yml

Co-authored-by: Aaron Teo <taronaeo@gmail.com>

* CI: update runs-on to ubuntu24.04, and update ARM64 build image ( ubuntu_version: "24.04")

* CI: change cpu.Dockerfile gcc to 14;

* CI : cpu.Dockerfile , update pip install .

* Update .github/workflows/docker.yml

Co-authored-by: Aaron Teo <taronaeo@gmail.com>

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Co-authored-by: Aaron Teo <taronaeo@gmail.com>