feat(range): adding custom styling for ionic theme (#29979)

Issue number: internal

---------

<!-- Please do not submit updates to dependencies unless it fixes an
issue. -->

<!-- Please try to limit your pull request to one type (bugfix, feature,
etc). Submit multiple pull requests if needed. -->

## What is the current behavior?
No ionic theme custom implementation existed for the ion-range
component.

## What is the new behavior?
<!-- Please describe the behavior or changes that are being added by
this PR. -->
- Added ionic theme specific styling (based on the ios styling) for the
range according to UX requirements.

## Does this introduce a breaking change?

- [ ] Yes
- [x] No

<!--
  If this introduces a breaking change:
1. Describe the impact and migration path for existing applications
below.
  2. Update the BREAKING.md file with the breaking change.
3. Add "BREAKING CHANGE: [...]" to the commit description when merging.
See
https://github.com/ionic-team/ionic-framework/blob/main/docs/CONTRIBUTING.md#footer
for more information.
-->


## Other information
<!-- Any other information that is important to this PR such as
screenshots of how the component looks before and after the change. -->

![image](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/1b78cba4-0f0f-45d4-abdc-d48cdb917ea2)