feat(badge): add hue property for the ionic theme (#30307)

Issue number: internal

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## What is the current behavior?
The badge component does not support the `hue` property.

## What is the new behavior?
Adds support for the `subtle` hue for the badge. Defaults to `subtle`
when the badge contains icon or text. Defaults to `bold` when the badge
is empty or when it is inside of a button or tab button.

## Does this introduce a breaking change?
- [ ] Yes
- [x] No