anthropic: support for code execution, MCP connector, files API features (#31340)

Support for the new [batch of beta
features](https://www.anthropic.com/news/agent-capabilities-api)
released yesterday:

- [Code
execution](https://docs.anthropic.com/en/docs/agents-and-tools/tool-use/code-execution-tool)
- [MCP
connector](https://docs.anthropic.com/en/docs/agents-and-tools/mcp-connector)
- [Files
API](https://docs.anthropic.com/en/docs/build-with-claude/files)

Also verified support for [prompt cache
TTL](https://docs.anthropic.com/en/docs/build-with-claude/prompt-caching#1-hour-cache-duration-beta).