[Flight] Promote enableAsyncDebugInfo to stable without enableComponentPerformanceTrack (#33996)

There's a lot of overlap between `enableComponentPerformanceTrack` and
`enableAsyncDebugInfo` because they both rely on timing information. The
former is mainly emit timestamps for how long server components and
awaits took. The latter how long I/O took.

`enableAsyncDebugInfo` is currently primarily for the component
performance track but its meta data is useful for other debug tools too.
This promotes that flag to stable.

However, `enableComponentPerformanceTrack` needs more work due to
performance concerns with Chrome DevTools so I need to separate them.
This keeps doing most of the timing tracking on the server but doesn't
emit the per-server component time stamps when
`enableComponentPerformanceTrack` is false.