Initial (client-only) async actions support (#26621)

Implements initial (client-only) support for async actions behind a
flag. This is an experimental feature and the design isn't completely
finalized but we're getting closer. It will be layered alongside other
features we're working on, so it may not feel complete when considered
in isolation.

The basic description is you can pass an async function to
`startTransition` and all the transition updates that are scheduled
inside that async function will be grouped together. The `isPending`
flag will be set to true immediately, and only set back to false once
the async action has completed (as well as all the updates that it
triggers).

The ideal behavior would be that all updates spawned by the async action
are automatically inferred and grouped together; however, doing this
properly requires the upcoming (stage 2) Async Context API, which is not
yet implemented by browsers. In the meantime, we will fake this by
grouping together all transition updates that occur until the async
function has terminated. This can lead to overgrouping between unrelated
actions, which is not wrong per se, just not ideal.

If the `useTransition` hook is removed from the UI before an async
action has completed — for example, if the user navigates to a new page
— subsequent transitions will no longer be grouped with together with
that action.

Another consequence of the lack of Async Context is that if you call
`setState` inside an action but after an `await`, it must be wrapped in
`startTransition` in order to be grouped properly. If we didn't require
this, then there would be no way to distinguish action updates from
urgent updates caused by user input, too. This is an unfortunate footgun
but we can likely detect the most common mistakes using a lint rule.

Once Async Context lands in browsers, we can start warning in dev if we
detect an update that hasn't been wrapped in `startTransition`. Then,
longer term, once the feature is ubiquitous, we can rely on it for real
and allow you to call `setState` without the additional wrapper.

Things that are _not_ yet implemented in this PR, but will be added as
follow ups:

- Support for non-hook form of `startTransition`
- Canceling the async action scope if the `useTransition` hook is
deleted from the UI
- Anything related to server actions