Bump shivammathur/setup-php from 2.30.2 to 2.31.1 (#17855)

Bumps [shivammathur/setup-php](https://github.com/shivammathur/setup-php) from 2.30.2 to 2.31.1.
<details>
<summary>Release notes</summary>
<p><em>Sourced from <a href="https://github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/releases">shivammathur/setup-php's releases</a>.</em></p>
<blockquote>
<h2>2.31.1</h2>
<h2>Changelog</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Fix installing PECL extensions on Windows with a build version <a href="https://redirect.github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/issues/855">#855</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fix cache support for ioncube extension <a href="https://redirect.github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/issues/856">#856</a></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Updated Node.js dependencies.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>For the complete list of changes, please refer to the <a href="https://github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/compare/2.31.0...2.31.1">Full Changelog</a></p>
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<h2>2.31.0</h2>
<h2>Changelog</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Added support for a fallback mirror for <code>ondrej/php</code> PPA when launchpad is down (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/issues/834">#834</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fixed installing packages on self-hosted environments with existing conf files (<a href="https://redirect.github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/issues/852">#852</a>).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fixed support for <code>oci8</code> and <code>pdo_oci</code> extensions on <code>ubuntu-24.04</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fixed support for <code>couchbase</code> extension on <code>ubuntu-24.04</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fixed support for <code>ubuntu-24.04</code> after <code>apt-fast</code> was dropped from the GA images.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fixed support for <code>firebird</code> extension on <code>macos-14</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fixed support for <code>blackfire</code> extension on <code>macos-14</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fixed support for <code>relay</code> extension.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Fixed support for <code>phalcon</code> extension for PHP 7.4 on Ubuntu.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Updated Node.js dependencies.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>For the complete list of changes, please refer to the <a href="https://github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/compare/2.30.5...2.31.0">Full Changelog</a></p>
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</blockquote>
<p>... (truncated)</p>
</details>
<details>
<summary>Commits</summary>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/commit/c541c155eee45413f5b09a52248675b1a2575231"><code>c541c15</code></a> Bump version 2.31.1</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/commit/afff805ea318c148735d2a1e88142d355311db2f"><code>afff805</code></a> Fix cache support for ioncube</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/commit/594bd591ec5fc2a0913e1e6c6eba2bd60844146b"><code>594bd59</code></a> Fix version regex in Add-Extension</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/commit/2e947f1f6932d141d076ca441d0e1e881775e95b"><code>2e947f1</code></a> Bump version to 2.31.0</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/commit/2a5212466ca8f626f5b334783f6a2e7438e75326"><code>2a52124</code></a> Add fallback mirror for php PPA when launchpad is down</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/commit/9c28f9ba587c1e599886cf2b685ff26dd7addd29"><code>9c28f9b</code></a> Fix support for phalcon on PHP 7.4</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/commit/b9f1db485f39c53ecca24779b3a729cd00984f07"><code>b9f1db4</code></a> Improve support for firebird</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/commit/588b5da142b3dead73b8f5eeb3f59fad3897a197"><code>588b5da</code></a> Fix support for couchbase on Ubuntu 24.04</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/commit/a0edbac27b47c328458bf513e641d65bf3dbb4b3"><code>a0edbac</code></a> Fix support for blackfire</li>
<li><a href="https://github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/commit/606ac25b8439b7f029cd0978e1e776843d7bd400"><code>606ac25</code></a> Fix oci extension support on Ubuntu 24.04</li>
<li>Additional commits viewable in <a href="https://github.com/shivammathur/setup-php/compare/8872c784b04a1420e81191df5d64fbd59d3d3033...c541c155eee45413f5b09a52248675b1a2575231">compare view</a></li>
</ul>
</details>
<br />

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Closes #17855

COPYBARA_INTEGRATE_REVIEW=https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/pull/17855 from protocolbuffers:dependabot/github_actions/shivammathur/setup-php-2.31.1 5cdf92ee64c93ec3ad79a48c58048fc2b2dd30cc
PiperOrigin-RevId: 684962209