gh-133079: Remove Py_C_RECURSION_LIMIT & PyThreadState.c_recursion_remaining (GH-133080)

Both were added in 3.13, are undocumented, and don't make sense in 3.14 due to
changes in the stack overflow detection machinery (gh-112282).

PEP 387 exception for skipping a deprecation period: https://github.com/python/steering-council/issues/288