gh-115225: Raise error on unsupported ISO 8601 time strings (#119339)

Some time strings that contain fractional hours or minutes are permitted
by ISO 8601, but such strings are very unlikely to be intentional. The
current parser does not parse such strings correctly or raise an error.
This change raises a ValueError when hours or minutes contain a decimal mark.

Co-authored-by: blurb-it[bot] <43283697+blurb-it[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>